SAT & ACT Test for University Admission in South Africa - Key Differences
- Mar 21
- 7 min read
The SAT and ACT Tests are American college entrance exams which you can write to help you qualify for university admission to degree courses in South Africa, and although it's not typically required by South African universities, it can enhance applications, particularly for homeschooled individuals with a GED or an American High School Diploma. Certain private colleges or institutions with international programs might mandate SAT scores. Additionally, it can be paired with a GED for applications to universities abroad.
The SAT and ACT provide a standardized way for colleges and universities to assess students' academic preparedness, potentially increasing scholarship opportunities and improving college GPA and graduation rates. Both tests typically cover similar subjects. Colleges use ACT and SAT scores for admissions decisions and to award merit-based scholarships. Most colleges do not favor one test over the other, and neither the SAT nor the ACT is more difficult than the other.
The SAT or ACT Test: Universities South Africa's Requirements for Matric Exemption & University Admission in South Africa
Candidates who did not follow the formal secondary school route in the South African schooling system need to qualify for a certificate of complete or conditional exemption from the matriculation endorsement requirements in terms of the provisions contained in regulations 10-40, as published in Government Notice (GN) 1226 of 1 December 2000 and amended in GN 1001, 1272 and 1345 of 12 October 2001, 11 October 2002 and of 26 September 2003 respectively.
The USAf/SA Matriculation Board sets the SAT and ACT test requirements for university admission and exemption with an American High School Diploma. For more information, visit: https://mb.usaf.ac.za/united-states-of-america/
American High School Diploma Offered by South African Candidates
The USAf Board approved the following arrangement for the pipeline applicants that offer the American High School Diploma obtained in South Africa and could not be considered for a foreign conditional exemption under Paragraph 28 of the Gazetted regulations:
a) It remains open to HEIs to consider testing such applicants and, if it finds them ready to profit by degree study to use the paragraph 31 Senate Discretionary admissions route;
b) The MB exemptions committee, to ensure fairness, will consider applications for exemption on a case-by-case basis. It may grant a condoned ordinary conditional exemption (OCE) certificate under paragraph 40 of the regulations if the applicant meets specific criteria:
i. Has an accredited [American] High School Diploma with a good GPA (i.e., at least 3.5) AND
(a) SAT scores of a minimum of 610 for English and 530 for Mathematics, OR
b) Advanced Placement (AP) scores (at least two subjects passed on grade 3, 4 OR
5 for the Advanced Placement (AP) examinations of the American College Board OR
(c) ACT mean of 22 with a 22 sub-minimum in English and 21 in Mathematics
(currently there are no ACT exam centers available in South Africa) OR
(d) National Benchmark Test (NBT) with the following scores:
For a STEM area degree program: “proficient scores” in Academic Literacy (AL), Quantitative Literacy (QL), and Mathematics (MAT),
For program that do not require Math at a 4 or better in the NSC: “proficient scores” for AL & QL.
SAT Exam
The SAT, or Scholastic Assessment Test, is a standardized exam frequently utilized for college admissions in the United States and one of USAf's options needed for matric exemption and university admission in South Africa. It evaluates a student's preparedness for college and aims to offer colleges a uniform data point to compare all applicants.
Evidence-Based Reading and Writing
Measures skills and knowledge essential for college and career readiness.
Math
Assesses mathematical skills and problem-solving abilities.
Optional Essay
Optional Essay: Allows students to showcase their writing and analytical skills.
SAT Prep
https://satsuite.collegeboard.org/practice Official SAT practice resources.
Khan Academy: https://www.khanacademy.org/digital-sat
https://www.intelligent.com/best-sat-prep-courses-and-classes/ see a list of the best SAT prep courses available.
ACT Exam
The ACT, or American College Testing, is another well-known standardized exam utilized in the college admissions process and one of USAf's options needed for matric exemption and university admission in South Africa. Like the SAT, it assesses a student's academic performance and potential, focusing on the knowledge and skills students have developed during their school years.
English
Evaluates grammar, punctuation, and overall language proficiency.
Math
Tests mathematical reasoning and problem-solving.
Science
Measures interpretation, analysis, evaluation, reasoning, and problem-solving skills.
Optional Writing (Essay)
Offers a platform for students to express their views on a given topic.
ACT Prep
Discover useful tips and strategies with official ACT test prep resources.
https://collegerover.com/campus-library/news/152/best-act-prep-course see a list of the best ACT prep courses available.
ACT Test prep for International students https://global.act.org/content/global/en/products-and-services/the-act-non-us/test-preparation.html
Key Differences Between the SAT and ACT
Examining a single difference between the SAT and ACT may not help you decide which test suits you better, as many differences are subtle and may counterbalance each other. However, by analyzing multiple factors like subject matter focus, language complexity, structure, and pacing, you might find one test suits you better. The chart below highlights differences that often impact test-taking difficulty for students.
SAT | ACT | |
Pacing & Duration | Takes less time for the whole test; gives you more time per question | Takes more time for the whole test; gives you less time per question |
Question Formats | All items are multiple choice except for some of the math items, where you're required to fill in the answer | Multiple choice format only (except for the optional essay writing test) |
Critical Thinking | Most experts agree that SAT questions on average require more depth in analysis and critical reasoning | Questions are typically viewed as being simpler and more direct |
Science and Scientific Analysis | No separate section for science | The ACT has a stand-alone science subtest covering: - Introductory concepts in life sciences, earth sciences, and physical sciences - Scientific method, analyzing claims and data, and scientific reasoning |
Reading Comprehension | The SAT reading questions may, on average, require deeper analysis, but the reading passages on average are shorter and the format is simpler, with typically only one question per passage More emphasis on reading that includes charts, tables, and data analysis | Reading passages are longer on average, but often focus on more straightforward aspects of reading comprehension compared to the SAT reading section |
English | The writing section (all multiple choice) tests punctuation, grammar, and composition skills Vocabulary is tested “in context” in various components of the Reading and Writing tests Presents more challenging vocabulary (in both the reading and writing components), such as more technical, rare, or archaic words Assigns only one question per reading passage and reading passages tend to be shorter compared to ACT | The ACT has a stand-alone English test with longer passages that can have numerous corresponding questions Tests vocabulary, word usage, grammar, and rhetorical structures and conventions Some questions (on elements of rhetorical style and word usage) may involve levels of nuance that make them challenging |
Math | More emphasis on mathematical reasoning and problem solving Longer and more complex word problems or problem-solving scenarios and questions Eligible calculators allowed Formulas provided for reference | More direct math questions, but more content emphasizing geometry and statistics (compared to the SAT) Eligible calculators allowed Formulas not provided for reference |
Test Structure Overview
SAT | ACT | |
Testing Options | The SAT is ONLY in digital format (online) | The ACT still offers a paper/pencil option AND a digital option (online) |
Adaptive vs. Linear Formats | The SAT uses an adaptive test format — the level of difficulty adjusts up/down, based on how you answer prior questions | The ACT is linear (non-adaptive), both the paper and online version |
Number of Sections | The SAT has 2 sections: 1. Reading & Writing 2. Math | The ACT has 4 sections: 1. English 2. Math 3. Reading 4. Science Plus an OPTIONAL Essay Exam |
Time and Time per Question | Takes 2 hours and 14 minutes READING: 71 seconds per question (64 minutes/54 questions) MATH: 95 seconds per question (70 minutes/44 questions) | Takes 2 hours and 55 minutes READING: 67 seconds per question (40 minutes/36 questions) MATH: 67 seconds per question (40 minutes/36 items |
Question Format | Mostly multiple choice — a few math questions require you to fill in an answer | All multiple choice |
Summary of Key Content: SAT vs. ACT
Reading & Language: Both tests cover reading comprehension, grammar, and composition skills, but they are structured differently.
Science: The ACT includes a science section, whereas the SAT does not. The ACT science section covers a wide range of scientific disciplines, focusing mainly on basic concepts, with an emphasis on evidence-based data analysis and scientific reasoning.
Writing: The SAT does not require a writing section. The ACT offers an optional Essay Writing Test. It's important to note that almost no major universities require the ACT essay test for applicants. Is it beneficial? ACT.org suggests it provides an alternative way to demonstrate language proficiency if you haven't achieved high marks in your language arts courses.
SAT vs. ACT: Essential Insights for Making a Decision
1. Key Points for Reading & Language Challenges
The majority of experts don't distinguish much between the language sections of the SAT and ACT.
Some believe that the SAT language sections might be slightly easier for individuals with lower proficiency in English and reading comprehension.
Others argue that ACT Reading and Language questions are generally easier, but emphasize that there are more questions overall and less time per question.
2. Insights for Math Challenges
Some difficult SAT math questions require you to input an answer rather than selecting from multiple choices, removing the possibility of "guessing" or "choosing" an answer.
While the SAT and ACT assess many of the same fundamental math concepts, the SAT emphasizes algebra more, whereas the ACT includes a wider array of topics (such as more geometry, statistics, and trigonometry) at a more basic comprehension level.
The SAT frequently requires a deeper understanding of concepts and more complex mathematical reasoning with longer, text-heavy questions.
The SAT offers more time per question (a slower pace), while the ACT provides less time per question (a quicker pace).
The SAT includes formulas within the test; the ACT does not.
Both the SAT and ACT permit the use of an approved calculator.
3. Takeaways for Science Challenges
The ACT includes a dedicated science section, whereas the SAT does not. If science and scientific reasoning are not your strong suits, this might make the SAT a more appealing option.
However, remember that the SAT does feature a limited number of questions with scientific content across the language and math sections to assess evidence-based reading, data analysis, and math skills, including interpreting charts, tables, and graphs.
Concluding Remarks
NOTE: Unfortunately the ACT Test is not available yet in South Africa, but we hope this will change soon.
If you struggle to notice a significant difference between these two tests, you're not the only one! However, to ensure you're selecting the test that suits you best, try using sample SAT and ACT test questions to become more acquainted with their subtle distinctions.
For a quick way to try both exams, explore Crimson's online SAT and ACT Practice Tests.
Equally crucial, after selecting your preferred test, ensure you allocate time for preparation and practice before the test day. For many students, comprehensive preparation is likely more crucial than the choice of test if you're aiming for a higher score.
Check out these resources for helpful information and tips on how to prepare:
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